• Motor unit physiology reveals patterns of discharge and contraction values across voluntary effort and isometric tasks, illustrating recruitment strategies and unit-level control in early motor neuroscience. [1], [4], [6], [8], [9], [11].

• Cross-species CNS motor control studies map cortical and spinal contributions to movement, linking primate motor cortex organization and spinal motor cell distribution to observed motor output and lesion-induced changes. [5], [12], [13], [14], [19].

• Postural regulation and reflexes are explored in intact and decerebrate models, emphasizing cerebellar, vestibular, and reticular contributions to upright control and posture-related motor modulation. [3], [7], [16], [17].

• Peripheral muscle physiology encompasses isometric contractions, contraction-values, muscle fiber mechanics, and autonomic innervation, connecting skeletal muscle properties with motor performance. [4], [6], [9], [10], [11], [17], [20].

• Plasticity and recovery in primate motor systems are illuminated by age- and lesion-related motor recovery, lesion-induced activity changes, and emergence of secondary motor areas. [5], [13], [14], [15].